Palm Kernel Shell

These broad ranges are a working compilation for general product information, not results from AJP shipment testing. They should not be read as a single product grade or a set of acceptance limits.

1. Japan Ministry of the Environment — Riau Province study (2021), Table 4-4Two shell samples recorded gross calorific values of 4,256 and 4,503 kcal/kg as received, total moisture of 14.1% and 15.6% as received, and ash of 2.5% and 2.6% on the report’s air-dried basis.
2. ERIA / IEEJ — Development of the Bioenergy Supply Chain in AZEC Partner Countries (2025), Table 3.8Reports an indicative PKS calorific-value range of 3,500–4,200 kcal/kg in its Indonesia biomass feedstock comparison.
3. Journal of Oil Palm Research — Haryati et al. (2018), Table 3A peer-reviewed MPOB study measured an air-dried raw PKS sample at 19.5 ± 0.6 MJ/kg, with moisture of 4.86 ± 1.29% and ash of 2.17 ± 0.59% on a dry-weight basis.

The publications use different sample preparation and reporting bases, so their values are not directly interchangeable. Compare test results only when the basis and method are the same.

*Foreign material and particle size are working commercial handling references; they are not established by the publications above. Confirm any load-specific requirements and testing basis for each enquiry.